Eye conditions are common, with 2.2 billion people worldwide suffering from them. While the most common ones include Cataracts and Diabetic Retinopathy, Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome (DTS) is a rather uncommon eye disease affecting 2-14.% of the population.

This is why it is imperative to have proper knowledge regarding the same, even for the patients, so that this disease can be detected early.

The dry eye syndromes is a common eye condition which is prevalent among 50% of the people. It occurs when there is not enough tears in the tear glands to provide adequate lubrication for the eyes. This makes the eyes prone to bacterial infections, possible inflammation, or scarring on the cornea.

Introduction to DTS

Dysfunctional tear syndrome affects the ocular surface, which in turn, depends on a stable tear film.

A well moisturized ocular surface is mandatory for maintaining normal and steady vision. A sufficient amount of tears, normal lid closure, satisfactory tear fluid turnover, regular blinking, etc., are required to retain the same. Discrepancies in any of those factors lead to Dysfunctional tear Syndrome, also known as Dry Eye.

Symptoms of DTS

The following are the major symptoms of DTS that one must look out for:

• Blurry vision

• Red or burning eyes

• Watery eyes

• Scratchy or gritty eyes

• Light sensitivity

• Eye fatigue

• Constant mucus surrounding the eyes

Major Causes of DTS

Generally, DTS is caused by tear film dysfunction, the causes of which are as follows:

• Hormonal changes

• Inflamed eyelid glands

• Allergic eye diseases

• Autoimmune diseases (Sjogren's syndrome)

Complications of DTS

Artificial tears in the form of anti-inflammatory and cyclosporine eye drops are said to be the best treatment for DTS. However, the absence of proper medications can lead to severe complications.

It can lead to eye infections or major damage to the eye's surface. It can cause vision loss, corneal surface abrasion, corneal ulcers, etc.

Furthermore, it can reduce the quality of life by hindering daily tasks like reading.

Conclusion

DTS can be prevented by using artificial tears, a humidifier, or wearing protective eyewear. However, if the issue persists, it is best to consult an eye professional for ideal treatment.